Satelite downlink12/25/2022 ![]() Satellite jamming systems are easy for states and non-state actors to develop given the relative low cost of their procurement and operation. Jamming technology tends to be commercially available and relatively inexpensive. 5 Because downlink jammers must be within the field of view of the receiving terminal’s antenna, however, the effects of downlink jamming are more localized. It could be more impactful, however, due to its ability to degrade the satellite’s signal for all its users. 4 Uplink jamming is considered more difficult because greater transmitter power is required to reach a given satellite’s transponders. It aims to inhibit ground users from receiving transmissions from the satellite and only needs to be as strong as the signal being received on the ground. 3 The second type, downlink jamming, disrupts transmissions sent from the satellite to ground-based or airborne receivers using RF signals that mimic the frequency of the downlink signal. ![]() An RF signal of the same frequency as the targeted uplink signal is transmitted to the satellite, aiming to limit the satellite transponder from differentiating between the jamming signal and the actual signal. The first, uplink jamming, interferes with the signal going from a ground station or user terminal to the satellite. There are two main types of satellite jamming. It is an entirely reversible form of attack because once the jamming signal is turned off, adversary communications are restored. In contrast to kinetic physical counterspace weapons, such as direct-ascent ASAT missiles, or non-kinetic physical weapons, such as lasers or high-powered microwaves (HPM), jamming does not physically damage satellites. Satellite jammers threaten adversary capabilities via the communication segment and can be used from the ground, ocean surface, or air. intelligence community, jamming equipment operates across multiple domains.Īll space capabilities are made up of a ground segment and a space segment, as well as the communication, or link, that ties them together. 1 Considered a growing threat by the U.S. Satellite jamming is a form of electronic anti-satellite (ASAT) attack that interferes with communications traveling to and from a satellite by emitting noise of the same radio frequency (RF) within the field of view of the satellite’s antennas.
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